后缀

[复制链接]
查看3868 | 回复0 | 2019-10-11 10:56:10 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
后缀
[url=]编辑[/url]
后缀是一种重要的构词法,通过后缀常常可以判断出一个词的词性。一个英语单词可以分为三个部分:前缀(prefix),词根(stem)及后缀(suffix)。单词中位于词根前面的部分就是前缀。前缀,可以改变单词的意思。在语言学里,后缀,又称词尾,是一种后置于其他词素后的词缀


中文名后缀外文名suffix解    释一种重要的构词法分    类词缀举    例-ly,-ster,-eer
目录



名词解释[url=]编辑[/url]
以英语为例:Verb(动词)+-ment(后缀)—> Noun(名词):借由后缀-ment 的使用,使原本的动词词素转为名词,为语言的衍生,是后缀的一种用途
后缀是置于单词或词干后用于构成新词的一个或一组音节。也就是说,用作一种词类的词,例如名词经添加后缀之后可以转变为不同的词类,例如形容词。

后缀类型[url=]编辑[/url]

名词
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
  • -ster,-eer,-er(or) 意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor
  • -let 意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportant things)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet
  • -ette 意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette,usherette
  • -ess 意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress
  • -hood 意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood
  • -ship 意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship
  • -ful 意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful, mouthful,spoonful
  • -tion,-ion 意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva- tion 2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词: organization,foundation
  • -ment 意为:状态,行动等(state; action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavement,pavement
  • -al 意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal
  • -age 意为:程度,数量等(extent; amount;etc.)例词:wastage,coverage, acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage
  • -ness;-ity(ty) 意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness, usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability
  • -ism 意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism, impressionism,absenteeism,racism
  • -ist 意为:拥护某种主义的人,某种学科专家等(the person who support the doctrine,the person who is good at the practice)例词:idealist, impressionist,absenteeist,racist


动词
使一个词变为动词的后缀。
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
  • -ify 意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify, diversify,simplify
  • -ize;-en 意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten
  • -ate 意为:增加,使……听写(give or add,make or become)例词:originate, hydrogenate,validate,differentiate


形容词
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
  • -ful 意为:充满,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful,pitiful, hopeful,careful,helpful,forgetful,thankful, fearful
  • -less 意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless ,homeless
  • -ly 意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly,manly, brotherly,friendly
  • -like 意为:像……的(like)例词: childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like
  • -y;-ish 意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty,sandy, silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish
  • -some 意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing; having the quality of)例词:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome
  • -able(ible) 意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例词: changeable,reliable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible
  • -ed 意为:有……的(having,etc.)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed, odd-shaped
  • -al 意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical
  • -ary(ory) 意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary,imaginary, contradictory
  • -ous 意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious,dangerous
  • -ic(ical) 意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)例词: historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic
  • -ive 意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词:attractive, talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive


副词
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
  • -ly 意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc.)例词:happily, boldly,attentive- ly,strangely
  • -ward(s) 意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s)
  • -wise 意为:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)例词:crabwise,clockwise2)就……而言(as far as...is concerned)例词:weatherwise ,educationwise
  • 以ly后缀结尾的副词比较级都是+more,如more carefully,more usefully最高级+most 如most carefully,most usefully


回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 禁止注册

本版积分规则