虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。
(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。
a.表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be的过去式用were )表示。如:
I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道。)
I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.但愿我的家乡四季如春。(只是愿望,实际根本不可能实现。)
b.表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词用 had+过去分词。如:
I wish (that) I hadn’t wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(实际上已经浪费掉了。)
He wishes (wished) he hadn’t lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(事实上机会已经失去了,他感到惋惜。)
c.表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为 “would/should/could/might+动词原形”,此时要注意,主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现,取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动作名词除外)。如:
I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止。
I wish you would be quiet.我希望你安静一些。
(2)在suggest(建议), demand(要求), order(命令), propose(建议), insist(坚持要做), command(命令), request(要求), desire(希望)等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用 “(should)+动词原形”,表示建议,要求,命令等。如:
I suggest that we (should) start the meeting at once.我建议马上开会。
The undergraduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south.这位即将毕业的学生坚持要到南方去工作。
注: 当suggest表示暗示,主语为something;insist表示坚持观点时,后接的宾语从句当用真实语气。比较:
His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示着他赞成我的决定。
He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision.他建议我坚持自己的决定。
He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people’s health. 他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。
He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day.他坚持他每天都要早操
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