（二）动名词：
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
1、动名词的形式：
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
否定式：not + 动名词
1）一般式：
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
2）被动式：
He came to the party without being invited. 他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
3）完成式：
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
4）完成被动式：
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
5）否定式：not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2、动名词的句法功能：
1）作主语：
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It’s no use quarrelling. 争吵是没用的。
2）作表语：
In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
3）作宾语：
They haven’t finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from,stop…（from）,protect…from,set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
4）作定语：
He can’t walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school. 你们学校有游泳池吗？
5）作同位语：
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged. 他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
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